A persistent problem in language skills programs for children is how to promote generalization so the child can use communication skills in almost any situation. Consideration of the manner in which stimuli are presented, the kinds of responses required, and the way reinforcement is dispensed may help to solve the difficulty in moving from…

Responses of 1- to 2 1/2-year-old children as bystanders to naturally occurring and simulated expressions of anger and affection by others were recorded by mothers trained as observers. Expressions of anger frequently caused distress in the children. Distress responses were significantly more likely when physical attack occurred. Overt signs of…

Examines correlates of marital hostility and husband withdrawal behavior patterns, and their impact on the functioning of mother-child, father-child, and mother-father relationships when children are 5 years old. Describes models linking mothering and fathering to later internalizing and externalizing behavior when children are age 8, identifying…

Describes a study that examined the relations between shared reading and the development of phonological sensitivity and oral language skills in very young children. Explains that preschool measures of shared reading were found to be correlated significantly with these developmental outcomes. Discusses results in the context of calls for improved…

Parents of 371 children up to 30 months in age in 24 day-care centers were telephoned to ascertain the number and severity of child injuries occurring both at home and in day care. Injury incident reports were also collected from six centers. Numbers of injuries reported to have occurred at home and in day care were almost equal. (MDM)

Evaluated methods of family-focused assessment for identifying family strengths, resources, concerns, and priorities. Parents reported a preference for self-report measures--in combination with a structured interview--over the use of self-report measures or interviews alone. Discusses findings in context of assessments for early childhood service…

Examined links between parents' depression, marital quality, and parenting style, and their preschool and early adolescent children's angry, defiant, and acting-out behaviors. Parents' depression was related to the quality of their marital relationship and their parenting style, but not their children's behavior. (BC)

Mothers recorded their children's prosocial behavior and failure to be prosocial, and their own responses to their children's behavior. Helping occurred more frequently than other prosocial behaviors. Children were equally likely to receive acknowledgement, approval, praise and no response for prosocial behavior. (BC)

The stresses experienced by most families include limitations on time, conditions of employment, financial burdens and sibling rivalry. For the families of a child with a chronic illness, these stresses are often compounded, making family functioning problematic. Chronic illness is marked by permanency and the need for ongoing vigilance with…

In this paper, we utilise an approach drawn from the field of epidemiology to explore what is known and unknown about young children with Down syndrome and their families. After describing what we mean by an epidemiological approach, we review basic findings for children with intellectual disabilities, as well as challenges to performing such…

Information on children's activities in the home with other family members was collected in the 1991 National Household Education Survey. The premise of the survey was that readiness for school may be affected by experiences that children bring with them to the classroom. Data were collected by telephone from the parents and guardians of 13,892…

This article offers a way of viewing mathematics as social, drawing upon research on numeracy practices at home and at school carried out by the School and Community numeracies team in the Leverhulme Numeracy Research Programme, a five-year research programme (1997-2002) at King's College London. Within the school and community focus of the…

Children's attention to four cartoons was observed in a laboratory session at the end of a two-year longitudinal study of home television viewing. Age (5 or 7), verbal ability (PPVT-R score) and home viewing history were examined as predictors of visual attention. There were no age differences, but PPVT-R scores were positively related to…

Several propositions about the relationships between and among environmental variables of relevance to IQ were tested. Environmental variables hypothesized to be related to IQ were measured longitudinally across three time periods in childhood (0-3, 4-6, 7-10 years) on a sample of 110 subjects. (Author/CS)

The "Everyday Learning" series has been developed to focus attention on the everyday ways in which children can be supported in their growth and development. It is for all those who are involved in children's development and learning, including people caring for young children in their own or others' homes, such as parents, grandparents…