In recent years there has been substantial growth of women playing in and competing at the top levels of traditionally male-dominated sports, including Australian Football. By comparison, the number of women officials have not increased at the same rate, raising multiple questions about retention, participation and sustainability. This paper…

Gender roles invariably shape the styles of leadership people assume in outdoor education. This research investigates how society's value of masculine leadership styles influence instructor and participant understandings of, and experiences in, the outdoors. Six practiced outdoor leaders were interviewed to critique their gendered experiences…

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the particular culture within which research is conducted and its norms and values can give rise to additional challenges and complications for the researcher when the research area is sensitive in nature. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on research on sexual harassment of working women…

Efforts to explain the harassment of women in the work place have focused on sex role socialization and cultural norms conditioning men to be dominant and initiators of sexual interactions. New work relationships, however, may bring new value to intimacy which may be differentiated from dominance gestures. To test the relationship of intimacy and…

This newsletter examines the causes, consequences, and prevention of gender-based violence. First, gender-based violence is defined and common examples are presented. Discussed next are the following factors associated with gender-based violence: the culture continually reinforces the notions of male aggressiveness/power/dominance and female…

A study investigated the nature and extent of sexual harassment among vocational educators of both sexes in the Southeastern United States. Other objectives of the study were to assess the policies and procedures available for employees and to develop guidelines for dealing with the problem. After mailing questionnaires to a 5 percent random…