Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between speechreading ability, phonological skills, and word reading ability in typically developing children. Method: Sixty-six typically developing children (6-7 years old) completed tasks measuring word reading, speechreading (words, sentences, and short stories),…

Skilled reading depends on recognizing words efficiently in isolation ("word-level processing"; "WL") and extracting meaning from text ("discourse-level processing"; "DL"); deficiencies in either result in poor reading. FMRI has revealed consistent overlapping networks in word and passage reading, as well as…

The lexical decision (LD) and naming (NAM) tasks are ubiquitous paradigms that employ printed word identification. They are major tools for investigating how factors like morphology, semantic information, lexical neighborhood and others affect identification. Although use of the tasks is widespread, there has been little research into how…

The purpose of the present study was twofold: First, the authors investigated if an extended version of the component model of reading (CMR; Model 2), including decoding rate and oral vocabulary comprehension, accounted for more of the variance in reading comprehension than the commonly used measures of the cognitive factors in the CMR. Second,…

This study, framed by the component model of reading (CMR), examined the relative importance of kindergarten-entry predictors of first grade reading performance. Specifically, elements within the ecological domain included dialect, maternal education, amount of preschool, and home literacy; elements within the psychological domain included…

Indirect effects of preschool classroom indexes of teacher talk were tested on fourth-grade outcomes for 57 students from low-income families in a longitudinal study of classroom and home influences on reading. Detailed observations and audiotaped teacher and child language data were coded to measure content and quantity of verbal interactions in…

In reading research, morphological processing and monomorphemic word identification have generally been treated separately. We describe a computational model that brings both kinds of reading together within a single framework. This model assumes that word knowledge-the orthography, phonology, and meaning of words-accumulates with experiences with…

To study the effects of context on the performance of children reading at first grade level, 26 retarded and 24 normal children were tested. Subjects read words printed individually on separate pages; they also read the word in the context of a sentence. Results indicated that provision of a context produced significant improvement in the reading…

The purpose of this study was to design and test a remedial reading instructional strategy for word recognition skills utilizing specific intersensory transfer components. The subjects were 56 high school sophomores and juniors enrolled in special education classes. Eight subjects were randomly selected from each of seven special education…

For this study of children's selection of key words, children in the first, third, sixth, ninth and twelfth grades were asked to identify which words, in their judgment, were key words in written materials. Relationship of these choices to skilled readers, to words derived from passage analysis, and to random selections of hypothetical subjects…

A study of 2 groups of children (mean ages 7.47 and 9.04 years and reading ages of 7.27 and 9.48 years) showed a word type effect attributable to the more skilled readers. Regular-consistent words were read more accurately than regular-inconsistent and exception words; the latter two did not differ. Familiar words are appended. (Contains 57…

This study evaluated the decoding skills acquired by low readers in an experimental project that taught low readers in regular class through the use of clinical procedures based on a synthetic phonic, multisensory approach. An evaluation instrument which permitted the tabulation of specific decoding skills was administered as a pretest and…

The purpose of this study was to determine the development of four specific letter-sound patterns from second through sixth grade: invariant consonants, long and short vowels, "c," and"g." A 69-item list was presented to second-, fourth-, and sixth-grade subjects in one of two random orders. Oral responses were tape recorded, transcribed by…

Reported was a two part study of 59 educable mentally retarded (EMR) primary grade children which examined the possibility of ascertaining continuous word-association norms, word-association norms, and sentence norms for EMR children, and of utilizing the high word and sentence associations to facilitate reading instruction. Collection of both…

The purposes of this research were to develop a new methodology for measuring comprehension and analyze individual differences in perceiving sentence difficulty. Written descriptions of commonly occurring visual scenes served as the stimuli in the new methodology. The reader's success in drawing a scene after viewing a written description of it…