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Direct linkSnel, M. J.; Aarnoutse, C. A. J.; Terwel, J.; van Leeuwe, J. F. J.; van der Veld, W. M. – European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 2016
Early detection of reading problems is important to prevent an enduring lag in reading skills. We studied the relationship between speed of word recognition (after six months of grade 1 education) and four kindergarten pre-literacy skills: letter knowledge, phonological awareness and naming speed for both digits and letters. Our sample consisted…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Word Recognition, Reading Instruction, Elementary School Students
Juul, Holger; Poulsen, Mads; Elbro, Carsten – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2014
Phoneme awareness, letter knowledge, and rapid automatized naming (RAN) are well-known kindergarten predictors of later word recognition skills, but it is not clear whether they predict developments in accuracy or speed, or both. The present longitudinal study of 172 Danish beginning readers found that speed of word recognition mainly developed…
Descriptors: Predictor Variables, Beginning Reading, Reading Rate, Word Recognition
Torppa, Minna; Georgiou, George; Salmi, Paula; Eklund, Kenneth; Lyytinen, Heikki – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2012
We examined the double-deficit hypothesis in Finnish. One hundred five Finnish children with high familial risk for dyslexia and 90 children with low family risk were followed from the age of 3 1/2 years until Grade 3. Children's phonological awareness, rapid naming speed, text reading, and spelling were assessed. A deficit in rapid automatized…
Descriptors: Reading Difficulties, Spelling, Phonological Awareness, Reading Rate
