A democratic South Africa guarantees equality to all regardless of gender, religion, beliefs, and race. However, leadership status of women in general is still suffering as there is unequal representation in leadership positions between men and women in institutions of higher learning. This phenomenological study sought to understand the female…

This study examines whether university leaders exhibit gendered in-role behaviors that are expected of leaders in a patriarchal society like Indonesia. A total of thirty-five university leaders (ULs) participated in this study. The study utilized a critical realist approach and found similarities and differences between cohort groups from conflict…