As a means of counteracting current widespread acceptance of war and war preparations with a sense of resignation and hopelessness/powerlessness, this monograph proposes a nonviolent strategy by which citizens can discourage or thwart either internal usurpation or external invasion/occupation. Designated Civilian Based Defense (CBD), this system…

Institutionalized political violence underlies world problems such as war, genocide, dictatorship, and social oppression. Alternatives to political violence should be evaluated to determine their applicability. Educational institutions can contribute through research and through educational activities ranging from public awareness campaigns to…