The historical evolution of vocational education is discussed in an attempt to show that obvious comparisons can be drawn between the industrial education movement and debate of American educational history and the concepts of career education today. The document covers the period from the mid-1800's to the present. Major factors influencing the…

Traces history of the racially divided system of education in South Africa. Examines relationship between juvenile work and crime and introduction of free, compulsory schooling for Whites; explores the origins and aims of boys' clubs and hostels for unskilled White youth; and details emergence of the reformatory and industrial school for Black and…

The rate of female labor force participation between 1880 and 1930 increased from 15 to 25 percent. Home economics, commercial education, and industrial education were new elements of the curriculum designed for female occupations. Other programs, though coeducational, became sex-typed by the occupational roles with which they were associated. (RM)

Examines the nature, extent, and effectiveness of vocational education in Christian mission schools in Zaire during the initial period of modern colonialism. (Author/RK)

Two new traditions have evolved in vocational and technical education: the apprenticeship and vocational school patterns. The relationship of these traditions to employment is discussed. Problems of the systems are analyzed and suggestions for the future are offered. (KM)

Distinctive characteristics of job-oriented students are revealed through a variety of different definitions, and the importance of work-study and cooperative education for them is assessed. (Editor)

Today we are told that we have moved from education for the elite into mass education and are now entering an era of universal-access education at the higher levels. Such a situation seems quite egalitarian and boding well for mankind. Yet the reports of great success may in reality be the notification of complete defeat. (Author)

Discussion of important questions about higher education: What should be its content? What should we educate for, and why? What constitutes a meaningful liberal education in modern times, as distinct from mere training for a vocation? (Author/ND)

In the early 20th century, the Hertfordshire (England) Local Education Authority had a class-bound perspective on vocational education, whereas two utopian communities within it held that vocational and academic education should be offered equally to all. Despite these differences, a positive relationship developed that briefly benefitted the…

Examines the educational change, including theory and practice, that occurred over forty years at the San Quentin State Penitentiary (California). Considers the evolution of the prison school as part of the institution's correctional agenda and in the context of changes of penal theory. (CMK)

This history of Jamaican vocational education reviews informal education (1494-1834), legislation and social policy (1673-1835), and conflicts about education's role (1835-55). It concludes that vocational education suffered from lack of coherent policy and funding and was politically subverted to maintain the status quo. (SK)

There have been consistent deficiencies in Canadian occupational training policies for three decades. The recurrence of the same mistakes and criticisms means that not enough attention has been paid to recommendations of advisory groups on labor and training policies. (Author/JOW)

When the Smith-Hughes Vocational Education Act became law in 1917, home economics, agriculture, and trade and industrial education were the first three disciplines to be earmarked for federal funding. Over the century, these fields have evolved to reflect changing realities in jobs and lifestyles. (JOW)

Provides background information on the relationship of business interests and social studies education. Examines the aspects of vocational preparation that social studies education could address based on a study identifying factors of exemplary employees possibly related to their strong performance. Reports on the results based on categories of…

Between 1981 and 1984, during the budgetary crisis of the European Community, significant negotiations were held between the Ten in connection with the reform of the European Social Fund. At the same time, there was a major political change in France: the left--led by Francois Mitterrand--came to power. In the social field, Francois Mitterrand had…