The dual system of vocational education is designed to balance education (in the educational institution) and training (at the enterprise level) equally in order to ensure the appropriate level of qualification, to teach and socialize the next generation. In addition to these effects (qualifications, education and socialization), the dual system…

As the economy rapidly shifts toward automation, there is growing consensus that while new jobs will be created, change is the new normal. Youth need training in soft skills alongside preparation for lifetime learning. Systemic change, not minor improvements, will be necessary. States, districts, and schools are adjusting to the aspirations of…

This report provides an overview of key policy developments in education, training, and employment in Belarus. The paper contains sections that review the country's key demographic and economic characteristics; education and training trends, challenges, policy and institutional setting; and labour market and employment trends, challenges, policy…

An examination of findings of a number of Department of Labor and Department of Health, Education, and Welfare evaluations, as well as a look at studies currently underway, reveals important information about the CETA and vocational education relationship. Areas discussed include Title II and IV programs, and job corps. (CT)

Federal funds for youth employment programs have increased for two decades, yet program effectiveness could improve if greater coordination between job training agencies and educational institutions were achieved. Initial coordination efforts gave educational agencies a major role in governing and operating the vocational education services needed…

There has been an expansion of the role played by organized labor in vocational training. The number of apprenticeable occupations has been increasing with the growing addition of nontraditional skill areas. Government-funded training programs provide necessary resources for program development and implementation. (CT)

Global technological and demographic changes have established the need for vocational training and labor force development. The problems begin in defining the type of training needed, its effectiveness, how to fund it, and how to ensure benefits for the trainee, the employer, the national economy, and society. Four pitfalls to training should be…

The need for employment training delivery systems to work cooperatively in preparing a trained work force is described. A brief review of the literature lists seven major employment training delivery systems which operate independently of each other; discusses the problems associated with their lack of cooperation; and argues that cooperation…

A study examined five local work training programs in California that have combined resources from both the federal Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA) and the public education system. The programs studied are located in San Diego County (Ramona), Montebello, San Francisco (Chinatown), Shasta County, and southeast Los Angeles County. In these…

A study examined coordination between public vocational education and programs conducted under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). The study entailed two years of extensive data collection at the state and local levels. In addition to the inherent structural barriers to coordination between vocational education and JTPA, the study uncovered…

This article focuses on the Rhone-Alpes region's policy for the development of alternating training based on cooperation between the occupational branches and the national educational system. It discusses the following: France's 1987 law on apprenticeship that provided an opportunity for its emergence; cooperative apprenticeship as the culmination…

The hearing addressed the eight percent education set-aside under the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA). This provides for the promotion of service and coordination among JTPA programs and educational agencies. Implementation of the eight percent program was reviewed with respect to the following: (1) how states utilize the funds; (2) how…

In this paper the system of coordination within the broader framework of education and technical manpower training is examined. The development of technical education in the schools and of programs offered by the public institutions is first described. A discussion follows regarding technical manpower training, the responsibility for which lies…

If Congress passes legislation consolidating federal funding for vocational education, job training, and adult education, states will be free to combine federal funding with state programs to create more coherent and effective systems. If such legislation is stalled, states have the power to reform the patchwork that now exists, but doing so…

A learning consortium is a group of companies that come together to learn from each other to develop new capabilities, build the skills of their employees, and increase the productive capacities of their enterprises. Most undertake both work force and workplace development efforts. Although the key feature is cooperative learning, most learning…