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Sita Carraturo – ProQuest LLC, 2024
Noise is a common impedance to easy and accurate speech understanding. In the presence of noise, speech processing mechanisms proceed with partial or ambiguous inputs, and listeners will engage additional cognitive resources to make sense of what they hear. The extent to which this is situation is affected by diminished exposure to a language is…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Listening, Acoustics, Language Processing
Aidai Golan; Dominique Lamy – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
There is growing consensus that selection history strongly guides spatial attention and is distinct from current goals and physical salience. Here, we focused on target-location probability cueing: when the target is more likely to appear in one region, search performance gradually improves for targets appearing in that region. Probability cueing…
Descriptors: Attention, Spatial Ability, Cues, Probability
Yanli Lin; Rachel E. Brough; Allison Tay; Joshua J. Jackson; Todd S. Braver – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Previous research has linked working memory capacity (WMC) with enhanced proactive control. However, it remains unclear the extent to which this relationship reflects the influence of WMC on the tendency to engage proactive control, or rather, the ability to implement it. The current study sought to clarify this ambiguity by leveraging the Dual…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences, Self Control
Allison J. Jaeger; Logan Fiorella – Metacognition and Learning, 2024
Prior research suggests most students do not glean valid cues from provided visuals, resulting in reduced metacomprehension accuracy. Across 4 experiments, we explored how the presence of instructional visuals affects students' metacomprehension accuracy and cue-use for different types of metacognitive judgments. Undergraduates read texts on…
Descriptors: Cues, Visual Stimuli, Comprehension, Metacognition
Spit, Sybren; Geamba?u, Andreea; van Renswoude, Daan; Blom, Elma; Fikkert, Paula; Hunnius, Sabine; Junge, Caroline; Verhagen, Josje; Visser, Ingmar; Wijnen, Frank; Levelt, Clara C. – Developmental Science, 2023
We present an exact replication of Experiment 2 from Kovács and Mehler's 2009 study, which showed that 7-month-old infants who are raised bilingually exhibit a cognitive advantage. In the experiment, a sound cue, following an AAB or ABB pattern, predicted the appearance of a visual stimulus on the screen. The stimulus appeared on one side of the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Development, Infants, Bilingualism, Cues
Watson, Poppy; Pavri, Yenti; Le, Jenny; Pearson, Daniel; Le Pelley, Mike E. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Attention, the mechanism that prioritizes stimuli in the environment for further processing, plays an important role in behavioral choice. In the present study, we investigated the automatic orienting of attention to cues that signal reward. Such attentional capture occurs despite negative consequences, and we investigated whether this…
Descriptors: Attention, Cues, Rewards, Visual Stimuli
Ke, Shih-Chiang; Gupta, Ankit; Lo, Yu-Hui; Ting, Chih-Chung; Tseng, Philip – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
The FedEx logo makes clever use of figure-ground ambiguity to create an "invisible" arrow in the background space between "E" and "x". Most designers believe the hidden arrow can convey an unconscious impression of speed and precision about the FedEx brand, which may influence subsequent behavior. To test this…
Descriptors: Visual Perception, Cues, Cognitive Processes, Prior Learning
Jessica Nicosia; David A. Balota – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2024
Mind-wandering (MW) is a universal cognitive process that is estimated to comprise [approximately] 30% of our everyday thoughts. Despite its prevalence, the functional utility of MW remains a scientific blind spot. The present study sought to investigate whether MW serves a functional role in cognition. Specifically, we investigated whether MW…
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Processes, Memory, Age Differences
Baccolo, Elisa; Peykarjou, Stefanie; Quadrelli, Ermanno; Conte, Stefania; Macchi Cassia, Viola – Developmental Psychology, 2023
Adults and children easily distinguish between fine-grained variations in trustworthiness intensity based on facial appearance, but the developmental origins of this fundamental social skill are still debated. Using a fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) oddball paradigm coupled with electroencephalographic (EEG) recording, we investigated…
Descriptors: Visual Discrimination, Nonverbal Communication, Cues, Adults
Brown, Violet A.; Fox, Neal P.; Strand, Julia F. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Listeners make use of contextual cues during continuous speech processing that help overcome the limitations of the acoustic input. These semantic, grammatical, and pragmatic cues facilitate prediction of upcoming words and/or reduce the lexical search space by inhibiting activation of contextually inappropriate words that share phonological…
Descriptors: Cues, Language Processing, Grammar, Sentence Structure
Stagg, Steven; Tan, Li-Huan; Kodakkadan, Fathima – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
Emotion recognition research in autism has provided conflicting results and has ignored the role of context. We examined if autistic adolescents use context to identify displayed and felt emotion. Twenty adolescents with autism and 20 age-matched neurotypical adolescents identified emotions from a standardised set of images. The groups also viewed…
Descriptors: Emotional Response, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Adolescents
Jónsdóttir, Lilja Kristín; Neufeld, Janina; Falck-Ytter, Terje; Kleberg, Johan Lundin – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
Studies have supported two different hypotheses of reduced eye gaze in people with ASD; gaze "avoidance" and gaze "indifference," while less is known about the role of anxiety. We tested these hypotheses using an eye-tracking paradigm that cued the eyes or mouth of emotional faces. Autistic children (n = 12, mean age 7 years)…
Descriptors: Autism Spectrum Disorders, Children, Eye Movements, Social Cognition
Pitts, Barbara L.; Eisenberg, Michelle L.; Bailey, Heather R.; Zacks, Jeffrey M. – Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications, 2023
People with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often report difficulty remembering information in their everyday lives. Recent findings suggest that such difficulties may be due to PTSD-related deficits in parsing ongoing activity into discrete events, a process called "event segmentation." Here, we investigated the causal…
Descriptors: Informed Consent, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Memory, Cues
Herrera, Estibaliz; Alcalá, José A.; Tazumi, Toru; Buckley, Matthew G.; Prados, José; Urcelay, Gonzalo P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Over the last 50 years, cue competition phenomena have shaped theoretical developments in animal and human learning. However, recent failures to observe competition effects in standard conditioning procedures, as well as the lengthy and ongoing debate surrounding cue competition in the spatial learning literature, have cast doubts on the…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Time, Cues, Learning Analytics
Lei Han; Haoyue Guo; Zongshuo Ma; Ruihua Wang; Mengshi Xiao – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2024
Background: Given the current technological advancements and the growing need for remote education, multimedia learning has become more popular among teachers and students. Therefore, the creation of multimedia teaching programmes that can improve learning outcomes has become increasingly important. However, there is a lack of research on whether…
Descriptors: College Students, College Faculty, Multimedia Instruction, Visual Stimuli