Following introductory sections concerning the history of collective bargaining and the distinctions between the public and private sectors that affect labor relations, this document presents approaches that managers in the public sector can take when dealing with employees. The author notes the government's responsibility in the growth of…

In 1978, there were almost 150,000 apprentices in the United States; 4 percent were women and 19 percent were members of minority groups. At the same time, there were more than two million union members in this country; 11 percent were women and 24 percent were members of minorities, according to the 1978 Equal Employment Opportunities Commission…

Relatively little is known about how unions affect employers because of a lack of data and research at the level of the firm. The little evidence available suggests that the effects are complex and go well beyond the effects associated with higher wages. In particular, a better understanding of the role that unions play in providing training and…

This booklet is part of a series of units designed to help students take and defend a position on public issues. The booklet is premised on the idea that the study of how various labor-related conflicts were resolved in the past can throw light on the problem of how they ought to be resolved here and now. That is why this particular unit looks at…

The role of social partner organizations in vocational education and training (VET) has been compared for Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, and Slovenia. In these countries, a system of industrial relations comparable to those existing in western Europe is emerging gradually.…