Successful reform of science education requires careful orchestration of a number of factors including technological developments, organizational issues, teacher preparation and enhancement, and advances in the scientific disciplines themselves. Exemplary innovations in exam practices that assess scientific understanding in new and more…

This book provides a succinct discussion of the development and use of classroom assessments. It is designed for college courses and settings in which a full survey textbook is not appropriate in terms of coverage and cost, such as educational psychology or teaching methods courses or self-study by teachers. The chapters are: (1) "Introduction";…

This text on foreign language testing provides an overview of testing principles, problems, and practices, and examines the multiple roles of the classroom teacher, as well as the construction and scoring of more formal language tests. The following types or foreign language tests are distinguished: achievement or attainment tests, proficiency…