During the 1976-77 academic year the Alexandria City Schools conducted a project to upgrade social skills of its students. Experimental and control groups were established at grades 7-8, grades 9-10, and grades 11-12. Although pretests were administered to both groups, only the experimental group received the results of their tests. Instructions…

Four cities in Virginia conducted projects to upgrade social studies skills of their students. This evaluation guide explains the project in Fairfax County Schools during the 1976-1977 academic year. Experimental and control groups were established at grades 7-8, grades 9-10, and grades 11-12. Although pretests were administered to both groups,…

One of four projects conducted in Virginia during the 1976-1977 school year, this guide describes the project in Roanoke City Schools to upgrade social studies skills. Experimental and control groups were established at grades 7-8, grades 9-10, and grades 11-12. Although pretests were administered to both groups, only the experimental group…

Virginia sponsored four evaluation projects during the 1976-1977 academic year. Four city school districts conducted projects to upgrade social studies skills of their students. This guide explains the conduct of that project in Chesterfield County Public Schools. Experimental and control groups were established at grades 7-8, grades 9-10, and…

Standards for evaluating criterion-referenced tests are presented. Twenty-one standards, grouped in three categories, are discussed. Category one is defined as measurement properties and is comprised of conceptual validity, including description of the domain, test item agreement with objectives, and item representativeness of the objectives; and…

The purpose of this paper is to argue that the measurement of child outcomes is the major stumbling block in estimating the extent to which equality of opportunity exists for children in our nation's schools. This paper has three parts. The introduction discusses the concept of equal educational opportunity, as defined and then redefined over the…

A test for assessing the child's ability to identify territories and their relationship to each other--the Territorial Decentration Test--is discussed. In addition to a description of the test, the administration and scoring of the test and the assignment of score ranges and criterion levels (Territorial Stages) are described. A directions Form…

Discussed in relation to career education for handicapped students are advantages and disadvantages of four types of measurement: applied performance testing, criterion validity studies, product vs. process measurement, and criterion vs. norm-referenced measurement. Available from: Division on Career Development, The Council for Exceptional…

Describes development of a test using slides and corresponding multiple-choice questions for second-year occupational therapy students in child studies course. Reasons for choosing the test format are discussed and an outline of test construction procedures is given. An evaluation of the test indicates problems encountered and benefits gained.…

This articles discusses ways to respond to the need for criterion referenced information using Bayes' theorem, a method coupled with criterion referenced testing in the early 1970s. The theorem determines the most likely classification for an examinee from a dichotomous choice or through placement on a categorical or interval scale. A discussion…

Discusses problems in using multiple-choice items on criterion-referenced tests, offering alternative methods to determine if objectives have been met. These include batteries of true-false items, structural communication grids, concept linkages, and a scoring system which takes partial knowledge into consideration. (JN)

Offers a viewpoint that, in the decision-making process, historical junctures related to the decision at hand should be reviewed where alternative decisions were considered. An example is provided with the Individual Criterion Referenced Test (ICRT) program. (CS)

Explores the implications for student behavior of different standards. Shows that competition between students does stimulate academic effort provided students are appropriately rewarded for achieving and argues that stratifying students into groups in which each has a chance for success may be preferred to the setting of a single national…

Sixty teachers responded to questions about the permissibility of 51 possible test modifications for pupils with disabilities on South Carolina-mandated criterion-referenced tests. Results indicated that teachers were not very knowledgeable about which modifications are allowed, and with few exceptions, special educators were no more informed than…

This paper introduces criterion-referenced tests (CRTs), compares them with norm-referenced tests (NRTs), discusses how they can be evaluated and revised, and presents a study of an actual class and textbook test evaluation using CRTs. NRTs have dominated testing methodology since the mid-1970s; an example is the Test of English as a Foreign…