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Direct linkAryadoust, Vahid – International Journal of Listening, 2012
This article investigates a version of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) listening test for evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) based on gender, nationality, age, and degree of previous exposure to the test. Overall, the listening construct was found to be underrepresented, which is probably an important cause…
Descriptors: Evidence, Test Bias, Testing, Listening Comprehension Tests
Download full textTickoo, M. L. – 1993
This collection of 14 articles look at the issues in theory and application that arise in the use of simplification in language pedagogy. Articles include the following: (1) "Simplification in Pedagogy" (Christopher Brumfit); (2) "Simplification" (H. V. George); (3) "Fossilization as Simplification?" (Larry Selinker);…
Descriptors: Educational Media, Educational Strategies, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries
