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Direct linkJan Karem Höhne; Achim Goerres – International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 2024
The measurement of political solidarities and related concepts is an important endeavor in numerous scientific disciplines, such as political and social science research. European surveys, such as the Eurobarometer, frequently measure these concepts for people's home country and Europe raising questions with respect to the order of precedence.…
Descriptors: Surveys, Attitude Measures, Political Attitudes, Foreign Countries
Lindner, Marlit A.; Schult, Johannes; Mayer, Richard E. – Journal of Educational Psychology, 2022
This classroom experiment investigates the effects of adding representational pictures to multiple-choice and constructed-response test items to understand the role of the response format for the multimedia effect in testing. Participants were 575 fifth- and sixth-graders who answered 28 science test items--seven items in each of four experimental…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 5, Grade 6, Multimedia Materials
