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Carroll, Kevin S.; de Vries, Alissia; Pagán Muñoz, Anyeliz – Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 2021
As the de facto language of science, English proficiency often serves as a gatekeeper for aspiring medical students in Puerto Rico because they encounter English-language instruction, textbooks, and high-stakes standardized tests throughout their studies. Employing ethnographic research methods, this case study documents the language practices in…
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Language of Instruction, Code Switching (Language), Language Role
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Manning, M. Lee; Saddlemire, Richard – NASSP Bulletin, 1996
Students benefit when educators personalize a high school by developing a sense of community. A Puerto Rico international school employed middle-level concepts (interdisciplinary teams and advisory programs) to build community. Community-minded educators develop a definition unique to their school, know the characteristics of effective…
Descriptors: Administrator Role, Community, Educational Benefits, Individualized Instruction