A series of writings describing some contemporary thoughts about training professional educators and some efforts to meet changing needs are collected in this issue of "Viewpoints." An article on methods of inquiry, written by Ivor Davies, is the first chapter. The problems of the bilingual Latino, with respect to his American schooling, are…

Bilingual education programs for Mexican-American preschool and elementary grade pupils almost invariably include instruction in English as a second language (ESL). While usual ESL programs for young Spanish-speaking children emphasize pronunciation drill (minimal-pair drills: pit-bit, choose-shoes), an alternative approach deemphasizes…

The quinmester course intended for pupils speaking English as a second language aims to teach students to ask and answer questions and discuss, orally and in written form, basic concepts in social studies such as transportation, map reading, family, friends, school, home, neighborhood, and community in an attempt to help them function effectively…

This guide is designed to provide teachers with instructional strategies and techniques to enhance the content area and language achievement of intermediate and advanced bilingual/English-as-a- Second-Language (ESL) learners in New York City (New York) public schools. Its content is geared to recently-developed city standards for curriculum design…

This book presents European perspectives on the means of structuring curricula that integrate content and language teaching, drawing on the experience of practitioners at a range of levels. It also provides details of the outcomes of such programs and describes the current and future challenges for wider scale adoption of content and language…

This digest describes a research and development program being carried out in transitional bilingual education programs at five elementary schools in the Los Angeles area. Researchers have been collaborating with teachers and project advisors to develop, implement, and describe instructional strategies that improve the chances of students in these…

In a fifth-grade transitional bilingual class in Hartford (Connecticut), a project was conducted to focus on writing to learn in science. The process of writing facilitates development of critical thinking, deepens understanding of science content, and develops collaborative learning skills. The example of a set of lessons on the skeleton…

Discusses the results of a study designed to investigate the effects of five different program models on both acquisition and maintenance of Spanish by native Spanish-speaking kindergarten children. (Author/CFM)

A study was conducted to determine the effect of different techniques used in teaching English as a second language to children in bilingual elementary schools. (CFM)

Discusses the methodological concepts of medium- and message-oriented communication and applies these concepts to conventional foreign language and bilingual content classrooms, with specific reference to English as a Second Language. Argues that the interplay between message- and medium-orientation is an important feature of both these…

Describes a Bruneian project to improve the English language learning of children in a bilingual education system. The article discusses implementation problems and surveys initiatives to encourage cooperation within the educational community for sustaining and improving change. Mee's response discusses issues related to the teacher, teaching…

Examines the perspectives of bilingual teachers, teacher assistants, school administrators, and an outside researcher on the 10-year development of a Navajo-English bilingual/bicultural program at Rough Rock Elementary School in Arizona. The transformation in curriculum and pedagogy, as well as the social and political processes by which…

Researchers studied elementary teachers and students from bilingual Spanish/English classrooms, examining successful literacy practices for incorporation into bilingual teacher education programs. The paper investigates the impact of talking about literacy, learning about the code and other skills, writing/reading and meaning making, the social…

Alternating between languages in the construction of stories offers students creative opportunities for bilingual learning. Describes how a storyteller can code switch to tell stories to children who are becoming bilingual and presents an example from early-immersion classrooms in Colombia, discussing code switching and discourse control, and…

This article reviews experimental studies comparing bilingual and English-only reading programs for English language learners. The review method is best-evidence synthesis, which uses a systematic literature search, quantification of outcomes as effect sizes, and extensive discussion of individual studies that meet inclusion standards. A total of…