The problem this study addressed was a lack of differentiation in supervision and professional development for administrators, teachers, and coaches in one K-12 cyber charter school system. The purpose of this qualitative case study was for administrators, teachers, and coaches to describe their perceptions of and recommendations for differentiated supervision and professional development at one K-12 cyber charter school system in a northeastern state. The conceptual framework was based on adult learner theory and Mausbach and Morrison's differentiated supervision model. The participants in this qualitative single case study included 14 cyber educators from one public K-12 cyber charter school with varying experience levels. Data for this study came from three 60-90-minute focus group interviews with principals, teachers, and coaches and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The three research questions focused on cyber educators' perceptions of their experiences with the current supervision and professional development process, needed competencies for virtual educators, and recommendations for developing a differentiated supervision and professional development model. The findings included a lack of differentiated supervision and professional development, the need for digital pedagogy competence, including instructional design, and research-supported components of differentiated supervision and professional development. The information gained through this study can provide virtual education stakeholders with a foundation to address their educators' professional growth as adult learners effectively and support current research. Future research could be conducted in similar or other contexts to further explore differentiated supervision and professional development in virtual education environments. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]