Cisgender women were not permitted to join the armed forces until the Women's Armed Service Integration Act passed in 1984. During the Civil War, some people assigned female at birth enlisted as men. They used "male" names and wore short haircuts, pants, and other traditional "male clothing." Many stories of these soldiers have…

Attempting to encourage and retain male primary school teachers can lead to the 'glass escalator' phenomenon, the fast-tracked advancement that men receive in gender-atypical work. Currently, in primary schools, males are disproportionately represented in management positions making up 35% of senior staff, while conversely only making up 15% of…

A course on gender and public policy can introduce students to methods of policy analysis in the context of social-justice problems. Using a combination of empirical studies and analytic tools, students learn how social conditions and policies differentially affect women and men, and they can identify implications for gender equity. But our world…

Middle- and high school-based programs that affirm diverse sexual orientations and gender identities are related to lower rates of bullying and better mental health for LGBTQ students, yet little is known about how to implement affirming programs for elementary-aged children. This study is among the first to examine how an arts-based curriculum…

This essay will describe one activity that the author uses in her human sexuality course to illustrate how patriarchal systems have affected the experiences of females and males across the sexual lifespan. Through this fairly simple and straightforward activity students are able to utilize common experiences and knowledge of real-world issues and…

How might teachers help students investigate the relationship between gender and homophobia? This article describes an exercise that uses fingernail polish to do just that. The authors uses anecdotal evidence to describe the exercise in which students pair with someone of the opposite gender and paint each other's fingernails. Additionally, the…

This paper reports on a study which surveyed and interviewed teachers on their perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to the inclusion of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) pupils in school. The outcomes indicated that there was a silencing of diverse sexualities in schools. In theory, teachers had adopted an individual liberal humanitarian…

This National Center for Education Research (NCER) Practice Guide is the second in a series of IES guides in education. The goal of this practice guide is to formulate specific and coherent evidence-based recommendations that educators can use to encourage girls in the fields of math and science. The target audience is teachers and other school…

The teaching of sex-role stereotyping issues in an educational psychology course for student teachers is discussed. Issues presented include influences on the learner, the teaching of sex roles and stereotypes in the elementary grades, the presence of role models at home and school, contributions of curriculum to sex-role stereotyping and the…

The prevalence of sex role stereotyping in school readers, textbooks, workbooks, and reading materials used from kindergarten through college must first be recognized by students and teachers as well as by authors, illustrators, and publishers. Teachers should then work to foster environments and experiences in which females and males are equally…

Gender beliefs affect adolescents' sexual motivations, perceptions, and actions (Moss, 1994) and can endanger sexual health (Haffner, 1998). We believe that teaching youth about gender norms will increase the efficacy of HIV/STD preventive interventions. We were funded by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development to develop and…

This second of four workshop modules in the Project ASPIRE (Awareness of Sexual Prejudice is the Responsibility of Educators) series deals with developing awareness of how sex-role stereotyping affects the vocational and life-style aspirations and decisions of students. (See Note about other modules.) The module helps workshop participants (1)…