While Ghanaians in urban and rural settings are multilingual, English is the language of Ghanaian newspapers, politicians, the courts, much of television and radio in the metropolitan centres of the country. Indeed, urban Ghanaian adolescents have expanding opportunities to use English, the only official language of Ghana, even when not in school.…

Characteristics of the rural school environment may partially account for the stability of rural students' science scores at a time of declining national science scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress Test. The relative success of rural science students may be tied to the rural student-teacher relationship. Several studies…