The lack of quality of instruction in urban mathematics classrooms in the United States has received much attention in the scholarly literature. Other classroom mechanisms such as relational interactions, however, have not received much attention of mathematics education researchers. Relational interactions go above and beyond content instruction…

The purpose of the study was to evaluate two approaches to teaching spelling and vocabulary to second through fourth graders in two different urban school systems to determine if one program revealed greater growth scores on Tennessee Comprehensive Assessment Program (TCAP) reading components. Research question1 posited: Does Word Study, a…

The essential thrust of the fourth grade unit of the FICSS series (Focus on Inner City Social Studies -- see SO 008 271) is to enable students to understand man from an anthropological perspective. The first unit of the fourth grade level deals specifically with the origins of man, the origins of the races of man, the races of man, and races in…

A publication prepared by the Office of Education is one of a series of four which discuss the education of disadvantaged children. Focusing on grades four, five, and six, this document presents some general background material on the disadvantaged and notes some promising practices. Also included are brief descriptions of special programs in…

The second unit of the grade four level of the FICSS series (Focus on Inner City Social Studies -- see SO 008 271) continues the study of man through cultural awareness of the diverse groups of people comprising America's heritage. Focusing specifically on American Indians, Afro-, Mexican-, and Asian-Americans, and European Immigrants, the unit is…

The REACH-6 program was a concerted effort by the Houston (Texas) school district to revamp the instructional quality in six of its elementary schools, with the primary purpose of improving the schools' student academic performance. This report describes the academic performance of the students in the REACH-6 program on the TEAMS and MAT-6 tests…

Fourth-grade students (83% of whom were identified as "at risk") in an inner-city school in the southeastern United States participated in a hands-on, interdisciplinary unit about the environment for 2 weeks. Lessons covered a wide range of environmental issues such as pollution, rainforest devastation, recycling, and Earth appreciation.…