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Doherty-Sneddon, Gwyneth; Phelps, Fiona G.; Calderwood, Lesley – Cognition and Instruction, 2009
Looking away from an interlocutor's face during demanding cognitive activity can help adults and children answer challenging mental arithmetic and verbal-reasoning questions (Glenberg, Schroeder, & Robertson, 1998; Phelps, Doherty-Sneddon, & Warnock, 2006). While such "gaze aversion" (GA) is used far less by 5-year-old school children, its use…
Descriptors: Primary Education, Mental Computation, Cognitive Processes, Arithmetic
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Shen, Hong – Journal of the International Association of Special Education, 2006
The abacus is a calculating tool that has been used in Asia for thousands of years. Mental abacus calculation is a skill in which an abacus image in the mind is used without the actual physical manipulation of the abacus. Using this method, people can perform extremely rapid and accurate mental calculations. Research indicates that abacus training…
Descriptors: Mathematics Education, Moderate Mental Retardation, Mathematics Achievement, Mental Computation