The complex irony of Act III, Scene i, of "Richard II" indicates how Shakespeare directs audience response in the play. Understanding this process of directed response--a dialectic of alternatives--illustrates that a meaningful standard of kingship is not provided in the play by either Richard or Bolingbroke. (RL)

Suggests ways to teach Greek literature. (DS)

Discusses teaching J. Austen's "Emma" in light of the issue of happiness in order to make the novel more interesting to students who do not like Emma, the character. Suggests that the multiplicity of questions raised by Austen will provide sufficient material for discussion. (SRT)

Discusses the story, The Witch", and explains that the story is a devilish puzzle which defies rigid interpretation but openly invites complacent students to sift, sort, and contest tidbits of evidence. Suggests how this can be done. (Author/RB)

Offers an approach to teaching and interpreting the novel "Watership Down" that emphasizes the secondary belief in an imaginary world of rabbits (rabbitness). (RL)

By reading negative criticisms of assigned books and stories, students may gain a better command of those works and of the processes of talking and writing about literature. (JH)

The articles in this journal issue focus on adolescent literature. In the first article, author Sue Ellen Bridgers explains how she writes books, while the second article offers an analysis of the recent works of Paul Zindel. The third article presents a discussion of the treatment of outsiders, such as the mentally ill, in four Roy Brown…

The author declares, The play is the thing. As a tool for teaching, it's incomparable. It can painlessly teach reading, reciting, reasoning and writing." She describes techniques for class study. (Author/JB)

Presents behavioral objectives and a rationale for their use in teaching character analysis; based on Jack Schaeffer's novel, Shane." (RD)

Describes two approaches to the study of the book "Black-Eyed Susans," which presents characters reflecting the qualities of complexity, diversity, and a depth, thus showing the unique and competent way in which black women writers have handled their major preoccupation--the black woman. (JM)

Presents exercises to help students develop the ability to conceptualize characters. (TO)