Defines and urges the development of a method of literary criticism based on an awareness of ecology, citing several of Shakespeare's works to exemplify the ecological approach. (RB)

Discusses how to use "Animal Farm" for discussions of literary techniques rather than of history or political science. (AA)

Discusses a method of analyzing "A Clockwork Orange" in terms of the protagonist's personality, the point of view, and the violence-sex theme. (RB)

States that English is the most difficult subject to learn, contrary to popular myth, and that the efforts of English teachers must be proportionately more determined in order to prevent mass miseducation. (RB)

Discusses problems that arise in teaching Black literature to students who know little of the minority culture out of which the literature comes. Argues that students whose experience is limited will still gain from their contact with such works. (AA)

Suggests an approach to literary study that examines the personality behind an author's work as well as the literary conventions. (TO)

Using primary sources in literature classrooms--getting students to examine authors' manuscripts, notebooks, and letters--helps students to develop critical methods and analytic skills for questioning literature's minute particulars. (RL)