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Chong, Eric Kingman; Sant, Edda; Davies, Ian – Theory and Research in Social Education, 2020
The dynamic of how civic education is framed during turbulent periods is illuminated through analysis of three Hong Kong official civic education curriculum guidelines (1985, 1996, 2012). Guidelines are publicly available, officially sanctioned statements of purpose that have particular relevance for education professionals and are used around the…
Descriptors: Civics, Citizenship Education, Guidelines, Political Attitudes
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Leung, Yan-Wing; Ng, Shun-Wing – Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 2004
This article argues that the development of civic education in Hong Kong can be divided into three phases chronologically: (1) before 1984: "depoliticization" by the state and the school; (2) 1984-1997: "politicization" of the intended curriculum; and (3) 1997 onwards: "re-depoliticization" of civic education and…
Descriptors: Citizenship Education, Curriculum, Teaching Methods, Foreign Countries