Teaching styles that satisfy students' needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness have been found to influence various types of learning outcomes in school and college contexts. However, little is known about how these teaching styles are associated with pre-service teachers' learning motivation and academic engagement. This study examined…

Since its conception as a situation-specific construct, foreign language anxiety has been extensively investigated and expanded to account for the complex nature of language learning and teaching. This study aims to identify the underlying dimensions of beliefs about target language use, motivation, and the frequency of target language use. It…