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Chen, Yueling1
Liu, Jia1
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Liu, Jia; Chen, Yueling – Global Education Review, 2023
In Chinese philosophy, scholars have been discussing a long-standing and unresolved matter (Fan, 2019; Lupke, 2005; Wu, 2009), namely Ming[character omitted]. Ming, often translated as life, fate, or command, was initially understood as orders and arrangements from heaven (Fan, 2019). However, since the Kongzi (Confucius) period, the focus of…
Descriptors: Asian Culture, Philosophy, Personal Autonomy, Foreign Countries