In this study, relationships were examined among three aspects of the implementation of complex instruction, an innovative approach to teaching in heterogeneous classrooms. These three aspects were: (1) teachers' use of the complex instruction strategies in the classroom; (2) systematic and comprehensive feedback received by teachers from the…

A description of what occurs in the social context of the supervisory conference, based on the concept of conversational inference, a process by which participants assess each others' intentions and make appropriate responses, is presented in this paper. Using the illustration of a supervisor's request for teacher action that occurs in a…

Extending research findings that strong administrative leadership is the most important influence on a school system, this paper argues that improved leadership, aided by models of leadership style and behavior, can improve instructional effectiveness. Because a significant correlation has been found between teachers' behavior and student…

This study investigated the flexibility of 16 supervisors in implementing a developmental approach to supervisor-supervisee interaction during the postobservation conference. Specific objectives included determining: (1) if supervisors' diagnoses of supervisees' conceptual levels (CL) agreed with the Paragraph Completion Method (PCM) measurement…

An extensive search of the literature on clinical supervision yielded 29 research studies and 3 works in progress. Studies using comparative measures conducted in K-12 school settings with inservice not preservice personnel were selected. These were grouped into four areas: attitudes toward supervision, effects of training, characteristics of…

This pamphlet is intended to help administrators understand and employ a model of cognitive styles that will help them understand why they communicate well or poorly with certain people, why different teachers respond differently to the same style of supervision, why different students respond differently to the same style of teaching or…

This book consists of six self-instructional programs to be completed individually by the reader. Topics of the programs are: current conceptions of educational evaluation; modern measurement methods; instructional supervision; a criterion-referenced strategy; constructing teaching performance tests; using teaching performance tests; and…

Discusses problems in the understanding and practice of teacher supervision, particularly resistance to evaluation, in South Africa's historically black schools. These include the judgmental nature of conventional evaluation procedures, lack of acknowledgment of teacher concerns and aspirations, lack of supervisor training, and tendency to…

This article introduces the concept of democratic supervision, a macro-approach of in-service supervision of instruction for helping teachers and supervisors work together to select an appropriate strategy for professional development. A case study from the International Trade Institute graduate school in Taiwan is presented that examines the…

Teacher education institutions (N=197) were surveyed to determine what effect, if any, the reform movement has had on student teaching supervision, particularly on the role of university supervisors. In addition, institutions were asked about trends in and concerns about supervision. Findings indicate that: (1) the majority (86.8 percent) of…

The empowerment of teachers through collaboration, a supervisory trend currently receiving much attention and emphasis, employs variability and encourages cooperative decisionmaking. Despite its apparent popularity, collaboration can be viewed as unwieldy and difficult to manage with teachers who are already working under less than desirable…

This document reports on a study to determine differential attitudes of experienced and inexperienced teachers toward supervision and evaluation. The basic hypothesis was that experienced teachers would have significantly different attitudes toward the concepts of supervision and evaluation than would inexperienced interns. A sample of 100…

This paper discusses current and future research on alternative supervisory approaches matched to developmental levels of teachers. The two major questions for research were: (1) Is there an interaction between individual characteristics of teachers and supervisory approach with regard to preference and performance? and (2) Can supervisors acquire…

The role of principal as supervisor and evaluator of teachers is central to instructional leadership, and this means direct involvement through classroom observation and interaction with each teacher. Principals often neglect this role, with lack of time usually given as the reason. There are other reasons: Interacting with teachers about their…

Because the use of clinical supervision methods by administrators in their evaluation and supervision of teachers has been linked to instructional improvement, administrators' perceptions about the implementation of clinical supervisory practices were surveyed. Participants in the study were 412 school district administrators and supervisors who…