In a stunning 5-4 decision, the U.S. Supreme Court has held that teachers and coaches who suffer reprisals for raising complaints regarding illegal sex discrimination against their students can sue their school districts for damages. This ruling is unprecedented with respect to Title IX enforcement and will likely alter how school officials handle complaints of illegal sex discrimination in their schools. Title IX enforcement affects all schools receiving federal education funds. The Supreme Court's decision is assailed as a major breakthrough for advocates of gender equity and equal protection in public schools.