We explored the notion of what constitutes literacy, particularly as it pertains to individuals who are blind or with visual impairments, including those that do not use Braille as their primary way to access and produce text. Four groups of stakeholders participated in the study: a) college students who were blind or with visual impairments, b)…

This theoretical review addresses the construct of beliefs in education and English as a foreign language, and their impact when integrating technology. A thorough definition and categorization of teachers' beliefs will be provided. In addition, studies conducted in various educational settings examining the effects of teachers' beliefs and the…

A New Zealand study examines the interaction between 18 teachers and their respective classroom environments and actions in an attempt to isolate those factors contributing to each teacher's philosophy concerning the role and responsibility of pedagogy. Nine classroom teachers and nine student teachers are examined for degree of congruence between…