In view of the need for open-mindedness in the instruction of new curricular approaches, such as the analysis of public issues, these studies survey pre-service social studies teachers to discover their positions relative to other pre-service subject teachers in strength of authoritarian and dogmatic characteristics. (JH)

When career education arrived, this school district found it could enhance and broaden existing social studies programs. K-12 programs and resource materials developed are examples of the use of career education as a catalyst for change. (KM)