Ensuring all students have opportunities to engage in scientific argumentation is a key goal for K-12 students. While research has shown that teachers' beliefs about argumentation can impact their classroom instruction and that students in low socioeconomic status (SES) schools are less likely to experience challenging science learning, there is…

Showed that there were significant differences between adolescent, teacher, and parent attitudes toward marijuana, police, school, babies, teachers, and cigarettes in two seventh-grade Life Science classes. No significant differences were found between males and females on these topics. (MLH)