The purpose of this quantitative correlational research was to examine the extent to which teachers' perceptions of their administrators' instructional leadership and academic press correlated with student achievement in 34 elementary schools in Maricopa County, Arizona. The theoretical foundations of the study were expectancy theory and…

Of all the recent budget cuts made by the Eagle County, Colorado, school district, none sparked as much anger or faced the same scrutiny as the decision to cut three foreign-language teaching positions and replace them with online instruction. At a spring school board meeting, supporters of the targeted programs in French and German, as well as…

This study reports on how an American Education System course, traditionally taught with broad objectives, was contextualized for science teachers. Using pre-assessment data, specific policy issues were targeted with the objective of increasing teachers' feelings of influence over issues. The approach used was adapted from exposure therapy, a…

This study was conducted to examine the relationships between student achievement, as measured by Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards, and teacher-assigned grades within a large, urban Phoenix, Arizona school district. For the quantitative component of the study, a proportionate stratified random sample of 3rd grade students from schools…

State departments of education are charged with overseeing the process of updating academic standards for their respective states. Although the process for updating standard varies between states, most states have similar elements: committee selection, creation of a draft of the revised standard, public comment sessions, standard adoption,…