The Chicago Panel on Public School Finances undertook this study to look at the financial aspects of teacher absences and substitute coverage. The study sought to discover: (1) the facts about teachers' absences and coverage by substitutes; (2) the financial costs of current policy and practice in this area; (3) the effects of current teacher…

Research supports the notion that substitute teachers generally are ineffective. This study examines whether trained substitutes can be as effective as assigned teachers in teaching students with behavior disorders. Findings showed that substitutes with intensive inservice training in behavior management were equally effective for one-day…