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Collins, Sarah J.; Graham, Susan A.; Chambers, Craig G. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2012
We investigated how preschoolers use their understanding of the actions available to a speaker to resolve referential ambiguity. In this study, 58 3- and 4-year-olds were presented with arrays of eight objects in a toy house and were instructed to retrieve various objects from the display. The trials varied in terms of whether the speaker's hands…
Descriptors: Figurative Language, Language Processing, Preschool Children, Experiments
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Graham, Susan A.; Stock, Hayli; Henderson, Annette M. E. – Infancy, 2006
We assessed 19-month-olds' appreciation of the conventional nature of object labels versus desires. Infants played a finding game with an experimenter who stated her intention to find the referent of a novel word (word group), to find an object she wanted (desire group), or simply to look in a box (control group). A 2nd experimenter then…
Descriptors: Control Groups, Infants, Infant Behavior, Child Development