Twenty-four expenditure variables were correlated with achievement scores on the Iowa Test of Educational Development to find out how various types of expenditures were related to educational quality. The expenditure variables (instructional cost, operating cost less transportation, and total costs) were used as numerators in a fraction. The…

This paper contributes to the recovery of finance reform by providing a rough gauge that will allow individual states to evaluate their positions among their peers regarding several basic equity principles and measures. Changes in these equity measures over an 8-year period are assessed, and some of the correlates of equity at the state level are…