For site-based management to succeed, supervisors must progress from advising teachers to empowering them to make classroom changes. The author changed her communication style by becoming aware of the subtle yet powerful role of communication in school leadership, discovering how unconscious scripts interfered with empowerment efforts,…

Postmodernists have criticized modern conceptions of supervision as bureaucratic, hierarchical, and oppressive. This paper asserts that the postmodern proclivity to completely eschew expert supervision, evaluation, and judicious use of directive supervision is misguided, potentially limiting, and dangerous. The paper argues that collegial…

Various theoretical frameworks approach teacher change differently. If teacher candidate supervisors adopt one form of supervision without understanding the assumptions and implications of other models, they risk being too narrow. To help supervisors in their role, an explanation of how a supervisor might intervene from six different perspectives…

With the advent of educational reform, the functions of educational supervisors have changed dramatically. Supervision is a long-term, continuous process designed to assist teachers in providing learning opportunities for students and improve the instructional program. Teachers constantly report that they receive their primary help from other…

An ethnographic or anthropological perspective is useful for the reexamination of the assumptions and taken-for-granted nature of the practice of supervision. An indepth survey of literature on supervisors illustrates supervisory roles and the existence of a separate "supervisor culture". Specifically, the relationship between novice teachers and…

The supervisor facilitates the students' attainment of the instructional objective by (1) diagnosing the curriculum (in particular the behavioral objectives) and the teachers, (2) prescribing steps to remedy areas of concern with respect to the curriculum and the teachers, and (3) enabling changes in the curriculum to occur while at the same time…

An instrument, developed in 1965 by Arthur Blumberg and Edmund Amidon to measure teacher perceptions of supervisory conferences, has presented problems of reliability to researchers. The problem has stemmed from the lack of a valid and reliable scoring method for the instrument. The instrument was administered to 31 in-service teachers, Grades…

Argues that a supervisor's perceptions of people, organizations, and his own role will determine whether new trends and tools will contribute to greater professional and personal growth for teachers. (JG)

Argues the importance of improving teacher evaluation and educational accountability, and outlines a suggested model for effective teacher supervision and evaluation. (JG)

Argues the case for relevant literature about being supervised. Notes barriers to effective supervision, some of which are attributable to "supervisee." Examines two bodies of advice to the supervisee: gamesmanship and common sense. Explains games of weakness and strength. Explains 10 principles of a common-sense approach to being…

This article considers some of the major trends and factors influencing the role of Local Education Authority (LEA) advisers. Included are: studies of advisers' role perceptions, discussion of the dichotomy between their two major roles (inspector and teacher adviser), and issues in the size and structure of advisory teams. (SJL)

Presents three cases of novice teachers and how they make the choice between covering the curriculum and fostering their students' understanding. Recommends that supervisors provide opportunities for their teachers to identify their metaphors and associate them with their beliefs and actions, to make alternate metaphors explicit, and to support…

Educational supervision may be categorized according to three philosophical positions with distinct methodologies: essentialism/directive supervision; experimentalism/collaborative supervision; and existentialism/nondirective supervision. This paper proposes that time and effort are required to develop key interpersonal skills needed for…

The research on supervision and school effectiveness suggests that principals acting as supervisors of instruction make a difference in teacher performance and pupil learning. This study investigated whether effective clinical supervision requires supervisors who practice certain strategies and procedures as they dialogue with supervisees, or…