Subjects were assigned as counselors for counseling interviews. Counselor effectiveness and facilitative responding were subjected to analyses of variance. The study indicated that inexperienced counseling students can be taught specific basic counseling skills in a brief supervisory encounter of a didactic or combined didactic-experiential nature…

Businesses are finding that positive reinforcement is a useful tool in management and supervision. However, there are few reports of the systematic use of positive reinforcement by educational administrators and supervisors. (Author/MLF)

In an attempt to improve the communication process and draw attention to some ideas that need further study, a communication model that deals specifically with the supervisor-teacher interaction process is presented. (Author)

Volunteers have needs, abilities, and desires of their own. The skilled and caring extension agent will use management and supervision principles to fully use all of those needs and abilities. (LRA)

This article reports on a study conducted among supervisors, superintendents, and teachers to determine what congruence existed relative to expectations for supervisory personnel. Each of these groups indicated how much time they thought supervisors should spend in each of 10 roles. Results are included. (KC)

This special issue journal is a comprehensive survey that covers all major aspects of supervision in general state vocational rehabilitation agencies. Major content areas covered are: (1) supervisory background information; (2) supervisory selection; (3) supervisory practices; (4) supervisory training; (5) supervisory evaluation; and, (6)…

Discusses the problems encountered by first time library supervisors who have to learn not only their new professional jobs but also how to supervise others. A supervisory approach based on work checking is described, and the role that managers should play in assisting their supervisors to acquire necessary skills is outlined. (14 references) (CLB)

The influence of supervision as an administrative control mechanism used by superintendents to direct the work of high school principals and the nature of administrative control in schools was studied for 12 principals. Supervision, measured by superintendent visits, was generally perceived as light, and principals felt they were afforded…

Describes the development andexplores the validity of the Synergistic Supervision Scale (SSS), which measures the extent to which staff perceive that their supervisor focuses on the advancement of the institutional mission and the personal and professional advancement of staff. Results indicate that synergistic supervision seems to be a valid…

There has been a substantial increase in the number of candidates enrolled in PhD programmes in the past decade. Whereas the literature is relatively informative with its advice to candidates and supervisors, there is little evidence of research related to supervisory styles and changes of style over the supervisory period. This paper attempts to…

Reflective practice in professional education stands in sharp contrast to the assumptions underlying the more commonly used traditional supervisory models. This paper presents findings of a study that examined administrator use of a reflection-on-action process to build a climate of reflection and dialogue. Methodology included a case study of one…

In all professions, the development of the field rests on an established knowledge base and on newer, emerging information. As a discipline, instructional supervision has been influenced by both evaluation-based and clinically oriented theories. This paper presents findings of a study that sought to determine the degree to which various…

A study examined how managers report handling conflict, in comparison with their subordinates' ratings. The model used includes two dimensions, concern for self and concern for others, with five interpersonal conflict-handling styles: Avoiding, Dominating, Compromising, Integrating, and Obliging. Data were gathered using the Rahim Organizational…

This report describes and analyzes the principal findings of a research project into contemporary employment relations in maintained secondary schools in England and Wales. The report identifies problems and issues relating to staff management of current concern to school personnel and to local education authorities (LEAs), and further identifies…

In attempting to understand their own behaviors and that of others, people make different attributions about causes. During the process of supervision, supervisors and counselor trainees make many attributions, including those about client, trainee, and supervisor behavior. A supervision analogue was used to examine attributional processes in…