The author interprets comments made by student-teachers given during interviews, as well as notes written in their teaching practice journals, made during or completed shortly after their practices in school. The background to these interpretations are official documents (e.g. the Polish Standards for Teacher Education, the Polish National…

Students of initial teacher education need to be prepared for the classrooms of tomorrow. Teachers require the necessary skills and competences to teach in culturally diverse contexts, to collaborate across disciplines, and to use technologies in innovative ways; but the Digital Economy and Society Index reports that only 20-25% of students in…

The concept of task has become central not only to an understanding of language learning per se, but also to the design and research of Online Intercultural Exchanges (OIEs). While research on the design of tasks in OIEs has been very productive, we still lack insights into how teachers develop competences in task design on the micro-level.…