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Jared Carpendale; Mairi Borthwick – Assessment Matters, 2022
Science capabilities were introduced within the New Zealand context following the revised "New Zealand Curriculum" (NZC). These capabilities are a small set of things that NZC intends students to be able to do in science, which weave the nature of science with content strands. Using pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) to understand…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, National Curriculum, Science Education, Pedagogical Content Knowledge
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Juntunen, Marja-Leena – Music Education Research, 2017
In Finland, teachers' have extensive autonomy, that is freedom from control by others over their professional actions in the classroom, and it is considered a strength of Finnish education. At the same time, national assessment of learning outcomes has been constructed to examine the learner's progress and achievements in relation to the criteria…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Professional Autonomy, Teaching Methods, National Competency Tests
Kennedy, Ann M., Ed.; Mullis, Ina V.S., Ed.; Martin, Michael O., Ed.; Trong, Kathleen L., Ed. – International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement, 2007
In the "PIRLS (Progress in International Reading Literacy Study) 2006 Encyclopedia," each participating country, 39 in total, describes its education system and the reading curriculum as it is intended to be taught, and outlines the polices and practices that guide reading instruction and teacher education. This in-depth, qualitative…
Descriptors: Textbooks, Reading Achievement, Library Facilities, Encyclopedias