The study explored the relationship between how many student success programs and which programs first-year students of color at the University of Kansas (KU) participated in and how this was related to outcomes of retention to sophomore-year and first-year GPA. The study used data from the University of Kansas of students of color who participated in either zero or more student success programs during their first year at the University of Kansas in the years 2015 through 2019. All students were domestic, full-time, first-year students. The data included information related to race/ethnicity, gender, high school GPA, first-generation status, residency, number of hours enrolled in their first semester, program participation data, as well as the academic performance outcomes of GPA and retention during the first year of enrollment. The key finding of this study is that, controlling for other variables, students who participated in one or more student success programs had higher first-year GPAs compared to students who did not participate in any programs. From a bivariate perspective, students who participated in one program had higher first-year GPAs (Fall and Spring) compared to those who participated in zero programs. There was no relationship between level of participation and either Fall or Spring retention. A discussion of the other major findings in the study can be found below. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]