IT WAS MAINTAINED THAT SOCIALIZATION IN MIDDLE-CLASS FAMILIES PREPARED YOUTH TO COMPETE SUCCESSFULLY IN SCHOOL WHILE IN LOWER-CLASS FAMILIES, CHILDREN WERE NOT TRAINED TO CONFORM TO ACADEMIC (FORMAL) AND SOCIAL (INFORMAL) REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCHOOL. FRUSTRATION AROSE FROM STATUS DEPRIVATION AMONG THE LOWER CLASSES IN THEIR ACTIVITIES IN BOTH THE…

This article draws on a two-year study funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) of South Asian parents and their children's views on the school experience (Parents, Children and the School Experience: Asian Families' Perspectives--Grant Reference: R000239671). The article focuses on an aspect of the young people's school…

Visual literacy contains a vat of underlying understanding that fuses to the bones of students who actively pursue an art education. For everything visible, there is an invisible internal counterpart, and arts education provides vital depth that is currently being drained from Canadian culture. Visual literacy begins with the elements and…

This paper presents findings of a study that examined students' and school personnel's perceptions of gang activity, violence, and safety in the high schools of the Hinds County Public School District in Mississippi. The perceptions were measured against the student variables of grade level, age, gender, and race, and the school personnel…

Using a phenomenological model, examines eight male adolescents' perceptions of their gang membership. Interviews revealed such themes as self-esteem, a sense of belonging, and protection. Outlines implications for school counselors when working with gang members individually, in groups, with families, or during school interventions. (RJM)

The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program differs from typical efforts to reduce gang involvement in that the G.R.E.A.T. program does not target at-risk youth but rather targets its classroom-based program at all middle school students. The three main objectives of the 9-hour curriculum taught by uniformed officers are to:…

Compares the perceptions of 534 adults and 458 secondary school students in Racine (Wisconsin) about gang activity in the community. Finds that adults perceive gangs as formalized, highly organized, structured groups, while youth perceive gangs as more informal, loosely organized, and amorphous groups. (FMW)

A daily war is waged in schools all over the United States over wall space. Adolescents are using school walls to convey messages, create name recognition, slander each other, or for claiming territorial space. On the other side is the school administration, which paints over and erases these unsanctioned claims to space, power and identity, as it…

Violence and drug use in schools have plagued, not only American society, but societies throughout the world. To explore this issue, some of the personal, psychological, and contextual variables hypothesized to predict violence in schools were examined. Violence was operationalized in terms of being attacked at school or avoiding certain places in…

Examined the relationship between various methods of operationalizing gang membership and delinquency. Surveys of inner city adolescents indicated that teens reporting membership in organized gangs were far more likely to believe their gangs possessed characteristics typically associated with traditional street gangs. Teens who considered…

FIVE PAPERS ARE INCLUDED. "EXISTING AND PROJECTED RESEARCH ON INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY," BY DAVID WINEMAN, DISCUSSED INFORMAL INTERVIEW AS A TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING SPECIFIC EGO MALFUNCTIONS. TWO METHODS WERE SUGGESTED--"EMOTIONAL FIRST-AID" FOR MOMENTS OF GREAT STRESS, AND…

Studied explanations for gang membership in a population of 11,000 secondary school students. Lower self-esteem, perceived academic ability, psychosocial health, and bonds with institutions appeared to precede gang membership. Other precursors and consequences identified were also consistent with a lack of social integration. (SLD)

Investigated the relationships of gender and gang membership to latent variables of psychosocial characteristics, drug use, delinquency, weapons possession, and fear within rural and urban Colorado school districts. Surveys of 1,669 self-reported gang members and 1,742 non-gang members indicated that gender was related more strongly to the latent…

Examined the relationship between public school uniforms and student self-worth and student and staff perceptions of gang presence and school climate. Surveys of middle school students and teachers indicated that although students' perceptions did not vary across uniform policy, teachers from schools with uniform policies perceived lower levels of…

Describes the Identity Workshop, a club established in a suburban high school for students opposed to bullying and bigotry. Developed as a teacher response to the presence of anti-Semitic "Skinheads" in the student body, the club brought about positive changes in the school climate. (SLD)