In Annie Proulx's novel "The Shipping News," the anti-hero undertakes a journey of change that transforms the way he sees himself and his ways of acting and relating. This novel about the complexity of life and difficulty of change mirrors the course of wilderness-enhanced narrative therapy. Narrative therapy suggests that the sum of…

A study was conducted to determine whether long-term residential therapeutic wilderness programming best serves males or females. The Hope Center Wilderness Programs in east Texas use a reality therapy-based peer group culture. Forty emotionally disturbed and juvenile delinquent youths were surveyed, 20 of each gender. On an 11-item questionnaire,…

The guidance and counseling department of a western North Carolina middle school wanted to identify more precisely what it was that a week's participation in Outward Bound provided for their students. Outward Bound is an adventure-based, or wilderness-based, educational experience that promotes self-esteem through achievement in a challenging…