Gender distinction has been shown to characterise both undergraduate experiences and outcomes. Yet research recounted in this article supports work that shows that young people are often unaware of such trends, subscribing instead to individualist perspectives that foreground equality of opportunity and agency. This article examines the gender…

In this article the authors examine problems of the characteristics of the Westernization of the mentality of college and university students in four countries that are going through modernization: (1) Russia; (2) Turkey; (3) Kazakhstan; and (4) Kyrgyzstan. What the authors mean by "mentality" is the deep-seated "unconscious,…

This phenomenological study examined the acculturation experience of Taiwanese students who attended universities in the United States as exchange students. Hofstede's four dimensions of culture provided a framework for developing questions. Eight exchange students were interviewed. Taiwanese students realized there was a lower power distance…