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Download full textPongsophon, Pongprapan – Science Education International, 2023
This study examined the factors that determined the science achievement of fourth-grade students on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 in the USA. The data were retrieved from the TIMSS international database and imported to the R program for manipulation. The EdSurvey package was used to conduct multilevel…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Predictor Variables, Science Achievement, Elementary School Students
