Traditionally, rape has been defined as "carnal knowledge of a woman by force and against her will." The test of force has been crucial, and consent deduced. Victims were assumed to be consenting parties unless criminal circumstances could be proved. Victims were oftened questioned about past sexual behavior. Current reform efforts have attempted…

This report by the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights evaluates the treatment of adult women who are victims of domestic violence by the criminal and civil justice systems and by various service agencies. First, an overview of State domestic violence statutes and relief services is presented. The present responses and potential roles of police…