The paper argues that listeners are unable to judge unit-by-unit occurrences of stuttering acceptably. Reasons for this state of affairs and its implications for therapy, theory, and research are analyzed. An alternative speech production definition with its implications is proposed, and a diagnostic method of validating authentic stuttering is…

Investigated effects of age and sociability on school children's private speech during independent school assignments. Findings from 113 public school children in kindergarten through fourth grade revealed main effect for grade level. Found linear trend, indicating that, as children progressed from kindergarten to fourth grade, their task-relevant…

This study examined speech disfluency clusters in the speech of 60 3- to 6-year-old children, half of whom stuttered. Results indicated that the children who stuttered produced significantly more "stuttering-stuttering" clusters and significantly more "stuttering-repair" clusters, whereas nonstutterers never produced "stuttering-stuttering"…

Conversational style often overrides what is said, affecting who gets heard and what gets done. Women's linguistic styles often make them seem less competent and self-assured than they are. Better understanding of speech styles will make managers better listeners and communicators. (SK)

Features of beginning stuttering in young children are reviewed. Attention is directed to studies of: frequency, type, and duration of disfluency, including number of repeated units and additional temporal aspects of instances of sound, syllable, and whole-word repetition; and associated speech and nonspeech behaviors produced by children who…

Continual repetition by a speaker may signal his need for recognition and understanding. (JH)

Independent treatments concentrating upon the subjective versus behavioral dimensions of speech anxiety were investigated with a view toward assessing the existence of independent, generalized, or synergistic effects. Theoretical and practical implications of the apparent synergistic effect of the independent treatments are considered. (Author)

A test of linguistic attitudes toward varied dialect patterns. (CH)

A sociolinguistic analysis of texts is advocated for expanding an oral interpreter's creation of an event from written texts. Two studies are reviewed that suggest that language choices are related to the speaker's purpose, thought processes, role, cultural expectations, and sex. The specific area of study suggested as highly useful for…

Considers utterances that appear to violate the interdependence assumed by the interactionist view, entering the stream of behavior at peculiar and unnatural places, producing communicative effects but no dialogue. Self-talk, imprecations, and response cries are discussed. (EJS)

Describes reactions of native French speakers to usage of French slang by young American students. French-speaking participants rated 30 tape-recorded slang expressions. Their reactions were evaluated in relation to the sex, profession, age, and residence of the respondents. Results show attitudes critical of the use of slang in general. (SED)

Examines, by use of Webb's automated telephone interview (SI), the relationship between the degree of interview matching of interviewer DOU (mean pause duration) and RTL (mean response latency) and therapist empathy, warmth and genuineness as rated by the interviewee. (Author/RK)

Part 13 of a continuing series. (SK)