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Massery, Laurie; Fuentes, Claudio – International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 2020
The following research investigates the effect that unprescribed conversation with native speakers of the target language had on learners' L2 listening comprehension skills at the beginning (n=21) and advanced intermediate levels of Spanish (n=27). Treatment groups completed two-thirty-minute conversations with native speakers via…
Descriptors: Videoconferencing, Speech Communication, Listening Comprehension, Second Language Learning
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Cheon, Jongpil; Crooks, Steven; Inan, Fethi; Flores, Raymond; Ari, Fatih – Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 2011
This study explored the causes of the reverse modality effect when learning from multimedia instruction. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups (visual text or spoken text). The findings revealed a reverse modality effect wherein that those studying visual text outperformed those studying spoken text on three assessments. Further…
Descriptors: Multimedia Instruction, Educational Technology, Visual Stimuli, Auditory Stimuli