As the size and diversity of the Hispano-American population of New York City has increased, a new tripartite pluralistic cultural situation based upon categories both physical and cultural has been emerging. A politicization of ethnicity is being played out in New York City schools. While Puerto Ricans are legal citizens of the United States,…

A bilingual/bicultural project for kindergarten children in Rowland Heights, California, is described in this evaluation report. The project included 2 kindergarten classes with approximately 30 children in each class and a bilingual staff. Parents and other community members served as educational volunteers and resource persons. Pre-service and…

Services offered through this project were concentrated on the Mission District of San Francisco, California, where the highest percentage of monolingual and bilingual Spanish-speaking population is concentrated. The student linguistic target for project classes was half-and-half monolingual Spanish speakers and monolingual English speakers.…

This report, prepared for the Committee on Education of the Community Service Society of New York, describes a court-ordered program for pupils with English language difficulty. A total of forty elementary, junior high and high schools were identified and designated as pilot schools. These schools were to provide a complete bilingual program for…

This report contains a description and evaluation of the Bilingual Pupil Services Program, operated by the New York City Board of Education, Office of Bilingual Education. The basic goal of the program was to improve the reading and mathematics abilities of Hispanic non-English speaking pupils and Hispanic English speaking pupils who were one or…

This report shares the initial Phase 1 results from a quantitative and qualitative study examining the feasibility and desirability of offering Minnesota students with limited English proficiency (LEP) a reading test with bilingual test items and answer choices. In considering the use of a native language translation accommodation to the Minnesota…

Effects of language of administration on IQ and predictions of letter learning and achievement were investigated for Anglo and bilingual Mexican American preschool children. Significant IQ differences were associated with language of test administration. No significant differences among predictions of letter task performance were obtained for…

Based on a sample of 95 first- and second-grade children with a Spanish language orientation (SPLO), psychometric information is provided for a newly constructed auditory perception test designed for children who are attempting to acquire basic reading, writing, and oral skills in standard American English. (Author/CTM)

Bilingual education programs for students who speak little or no English are defended as effective by citing research and evaluation studies. (MH)

Discusses five major factors that contribute to test bias against Spanish-speaking youngsters: culture, language, noun representation, administration of tests, and interpretation of tests. Also presents guidelines for counselors on assessing what tests to use with Spanish-speaking children, which may be applied to other cultually different groups…

The meaning-making strategies of 12 Mexican-American fifth grade students (5 males and 7 females), for whom English was a second language, were studied. Subjects' understanding and recall of Spanish and English texts were studied. Focus was on determining how reading strategies in both languages and knowledge sources relate to understanding. (SLD)

This study examined developmental changes in lexical comprehension in 100 bilingual individuals at five age levels, all of whom had learned Spanish as a first language and English beginning at age 5. Although skills improved in both languages over time, by middle childhood performance was better in English, with this transition occurring earlier…

This study investigated developmental changes in lexical production skills in early sequential bilinguals, in both Spanish and English, with 100 individuals of different ages whose first language was Spanish. A pattern was found of Spanish dominance in the youngest children, through relatively balanced Spanish and English skills in middle…

Spontaneous speech samples of a bilingual Spanish-English speaking child were collected during a period of 17 months (ages 6-8). Data revealed percentages and rank ordering of syntactic elements switched in the longitudinal language samples obtained. Specific recommendations for using code mixing in therapy for speech-language pathologists are…

Addresses issues related to biliteracy development in children. Presents two case studies that highlight how children use the social processes and cultural resources at hand to develop their literate competencies in Spanish and English. Discusses special challenges in relation to the formation of biliteracy in classrooms. (Author)