An important component of the teacher knowledge base is how aware a teacher is of language, including how it is acquired and best taught. Equally important are teacher beliefs about language or language ideologies. Because this combination of beliefs and awareness guides most pedagogical decisions, our study used explanatory sequential mixed…

Experts and concerned citizens from New York to California met in an effort to understand and confront the challenges facing Spanish-speaking people in their struggle for education and for finding their proper place in American society. The problems and character of the Spanish-speaking Americans, as reported in this symposium, do not fit common…