The distinction between artifact and tool is introduced into the study of language diversity and the posting of linguistic universals. A complicating factor in all language investigations is the use of language as the chief tool to create new language. Analogy and metaphor are considered as two major creative forces at work in all languages.…

This report is based on a questionnaire survey sent in Spring 1971 to all state foreign language supervisors. In those cases where state totals were not available, questionnaires were sent directly to the school districts. An analysis of the compiled figures showed that in Fall 1970, the public secondary schools in the 7-12 range reported a…

The Report of the First Working Committee of the 1972 Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages focuses on the interrelationship of culture and language. A discussion on teaching another culture and on sociocultural aspects of foreign-language study comprises the first major section of the "Report." The second part presents short…

Until 1947, Australia was considered one of the most monolingual countries in the world. However, now there are more than a million bilingual Australians who regularly use a language other than English when talking with friends and families, or on religious or social occasions. (SL)

This report describes, provides demographic data for, and evaluates the effectiveness of the Comprehensive High School Bilingual Program (C.H.S.B.P.), which provided staff and material resources to five high school Spanish, Chinese, and Italian bilingual programs in New York City. In 1980-81, C.H.S.B.P. served 468 students of limited English…

This report is a summary of the results of the administration of the Modern Language Association of America (MLA) Proficiency Tests to native speakers in Chile, Columbia, France, German, Italy, and Spain. The notion of a "superior" level of competence in reading, writing, aural comprehension, and speaking a second language is specified…

This report presents 11 statistical tables classifying data collected in 1958 on foreign language offerings and enrollments in the high schools of the United States of America, grades 9-12. Comparisons with a similar study conducted in 1954 are made by percent and state rank. This survey treats: (1) total foreign language enrollments, (2)…

Thirteen statistical tables present information on foreign language offerings and enrollments in the United States of America and include: (1) total foreign language enrollments, (2) continuity of study trends, (3) high school offerings (percent offering foreign languages and state rank), (4) enrollments in Latin, French, German, Italian, Russian,…

Papers include: "Length and Structure Effects in Syntactic Processing"; Nantong Tone Sandhi and Tonal Feature Geometry"; "Event Reference and Property Theory"; "Function-Argument Structure, Category Raising and Bracketing Paradoxes"; "At the Phonetics-Phonology Interface: (Re)Syllabification and English Stop…

This report describes, provides demographic data for, and evaluates the effectiveness of a bilingual program for Spanish and Italian speaking students in Grover Cleveland High School, Queens, New York. The program relies upon individualized instruction and aims to mainstream students into the regular pre-college curriculum within 2 years, if…

This report gives information on language enrollments in New York State for the years 1968 through 1979. The statistical tables provide the following information: (1) the percentage of the New York State public school population enrolled in foreign language study in grades 7, 8, and 9-12; (2) enrollment data for FLES, grade 7, grade 8, levels…

This report is based on a questionnaire survey of all two-year and four-year colleges in the United States listed in the 1972-73 "Education Directory" (Part 3, Higher Education). Registrars at 2,614 institutions replied to the questionnaire; 2,419 reported registrations in one or more foreign languages. The fall 1972 survey shows a…

Reviews common pronunciation problems experienced by learners of English as a second language who are native speakers of Vietnamese, Cantonese, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Polish, Greek, and Punjabi. (CB)

Outlines national language policy for Australia, taking into account the culturally, ethnically, and linguistically diverse society, as well as role of English and uses of other languages in the community. Since English is the dominant language, all citizens and permanent residents have a right to learn it to level of proficiency that meets their…

In this study it is proposed to give an historical account of the teaching of modern languages--German, French, Spanish, and Italian--in the United States. The hope is entertained that the record of past achievement and present needs may inspire teachers of modern languages to greater effort and still greater achievement. The work of investigation…